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Universities Under Dictatorship / ed. by John Connelly, Michael Grüttner.

Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublisher: University Park, PA : Penn State University Press, [2005]Copyright date: ©2005Description: 1 online resource (320 p.)Content type:
Media type:
Carrier type:
ISBN:
  • 9780271093499
Subject(s): DDC classification:
  • 378/.00917 23
Other classification:
  • online - DeGruyter
Online resources:
Contents:
Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ABBREVIATIONS -- Introduction -- 1 Russian Universities Across the 1917 Divide -- 2 Italian Universities Under Fascism -- 3 German Universities Under the Swastika -- 4 Spanish Universities Under Franco -- 5 The Communist Idea of the University: An Essay Inspired by the Hungarian Experience -- 6 Czech Universities Under Communism -- 7 Polish Universities and State Socialism, 1944–1968 -- 8 Resistance to the Sovietization of Higher Eduction in China -- 9 Between Control and Collaboration: The University in East Germany -- Concluding Reflections: Universities and Dictatorships -- INDEX
Summary: Dictatorships destroy intellectual freedom, yet universities need it. How, then, can universities function under dictatorships? Are they more a support or a danger for the system? In this volume, leading experts from five countries explore the many dimensions of accommodation and conflict, control and independence, as well as subservience and resistance that characterized the relationship of universities to dictatorial regimes in communist and fascist states during the twentieth century: Nazi Germany, Mussolini’s Italy, Francoist Spain, Maoist China, the Soviet Union, and the Soviet bloc countries of Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, and Poland. Comparisons across these cases reveal that the higher-education policies of modern dictatorships were characterized by a basic conflict of aims. On the one hand, universities were supposed to propagate reigning ideology and serve as training grounds for a dependable elite. Consequently, university autonomy was restricted, research used for political legitimation, personnel policies subjected to political calculus, and many undesired scholars simply put out on the street. On the other hand, modern dictatorships needed well-educated scientists, physicians, teachers, and engineers for the implementation of their political, economic, and military agendas. Communist and fascist leaders thus confronted the basic question of whether universities should be seen primarily as producers of ideology and functionaries loyal to the party line or as places where indispensable knowledge was made available. Dictatorships that opted to subject universities to rigorous political control reduced their scholarly productivity. But if the institutes of higher learning were left with too much autonomy, there was a danger that they would go astray politically. Besides the editors, the contributors are Ruth Ben-Ghiat, Michael David-Fox, Jan Havránek, Ralph Jessen, György Péteri, Miguel Ángel Ruiz Carnicer, and Douglas Stiffler.
Holdings
Item type Current library Call number URL Status Notes Barcode
eBook eBook Biblioteca "Angelicum" Pont. Univ. S.Tommaso d'Aquino Nuvola online online - DeGruyter (Browse shelf(Opens below)) Online access Not for loan (Accesso limitato) Accesso per gli utenti autorizzati / Access for authorized users (dgr)9780271093499

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ABBREVIATIONS -- Introduction -- 1 Russian Universities Across the 1917 Divide -- 2 Italian Universities Under Fascism -- 3 German Universities Under the Swastika -- 4 Spanish Universities Under Franco -- 5 The Communist Idea of the University: An Essay Inspired by the Hungarian Experience -- 6 Czech Universities Under Communism -- 7 Polish Universities and State Socialism, 1944–1968 -- 8 Resistance to the Sovietization of Higher Eduction in China -- 9 Between Control and Collaboration: The University in East Germany -- Concluding Reflections: Universities and Dictatorships -- INDEX

restricted access online access with authorization star

http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec

Dictatorships destroy intellectual freedom, yet universities need it. How, then, can universities function under dictatorships? Are they more a support or a danger for the system? In this volume, leading experts from five countries explore the many dimensions of accommodation and conflict, control and independence, as well as subservience and resistance that characterized the relationship of universities to dictatorial regimes in communist and fascist states during the twentieth century: Nazi Germany, Mussolini’s Italy, Francoist Spain, Maoist China, the Soviet Union, and the Soviet bloc countries of Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, and Poland. Comparisons across these cases reveal that the higher-education policies of modern dictatorships were characterized by a basic conflict of aims. On the one hand, universities were supposed to propagate reigning ideology and serve as training grounds for a dependable elite. Consequently, university autonomy was restricted, research used for political legitimation, personnel policies subjected to political calculus, and many undesired scholars simply put out on the street. On the other hand, modern dictatorships needed well-educated scientists, physicians, teachers, and engineers for the implementation of their political, economic, and military agendas. Communist and fascist leaders thus confronted the basic question of whether universities should be seen primarily as producers of ideology and functionaries loyal to the party line or as places where indispensable knowledge was made available. Dictatorships that opted to subject universities to rigorous political control reduced their scholarly productivity. But if the institutes of higher learning were left with too much autonomy, there was a danger that they would go astray politically. Besides the editors, the contributors are Ruth Ben-Ghiat, Michael David-Fox, Jan Havránek, Ralph Jessen, György Péteri, Miguel Ángel Ruiz Carnicer, and Douglas Stiffler.

Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.

In English.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 08. Aug 2023)