TY  - BOOK
AU  - Ettinger,Patrick
TI  - Imaginary Lines: Border Enforcement and the Origins of Undocumented Immigration, 1882-1930 
SN  - 9780292795167
U1  - 469.81 20
PY  - 2021///]
CY  - Austin : 
PB  - University of Texas Press, 
KW  - Illegal aliens
KW  - Government policy
KW  - United States
KW  - History
KW  - 19th century
KW  - Immigration enforcement
KW  - Portuguese language
KW  - Provincialisms
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Rio de Janeiro
KW  - Vocabulary
KW  - SOCIAL SCIENCE / General
KW  - bisacsh
N1  - Frontmatter --; Contents --; Acknowledgments --; Introduction --; Chapter 1 The Menaces Without: Immigrant Ali ens and the Origins of Immigration Restrictions --; Chapter 2 Diverted Streams: Discovering a Permeable B order, 1882–1891 --; Chapter 3 Drawing the Lines: Blueprints for Immigration Enforcement on the Borders, 1891–1910 --; Chapter 4 Erasing the Lines: Immigrant Ingenuity on the U.S.-Mexico Border, 1895–1910 --; Chapter 5 Northward Bound: Mexican Immigrants, Migrants, and Refugees at the Border, 1900–1921 --; Chapter 6 The Sisyphean Task: Origins of the Modern Border --; Epilogue: An Imaginary Line: Change and Continuity on the U.S.-Mexico Border --; Notes --; Bibliography --; Index; restricted access
N2  - Although popularly conceived as a relatively recent phenomenon, patterns of immigrant smuggling and undocumented entry across American land borders first emerged in the late nineteenth century. Ingenious smugglers and immigrants, long and remote boundary lines, and strong push-and-pull factors created porous borders then, much as they do now. Historian Patrick Ettinger offers the first comprehensive historical study of evolving border enforcement efforts on American land borders at the turn of the twentieth century. He traces the origins of widespread immigrant smuggling and illicit entry on the northern and southern United States borders at a time when English, Irish, Chinese, Italian, Russian, Lebanese, Japanese, Greek, and, later, Mexican migrants created various "backdoors" into the United States. No other work looks so closely at the sweeping, if often ineffectual, innovations in federal border enforcement practices designed to stem these flows. From upstate Maine to Puget Sound, from San Diego to the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas, federal officials struggled to adapt national immigration policies to challenging local conditions, all the while battling wits with resourceful smugglers and determined immigrants. In effect, the period saw the simultaneous "drawing" and "erasing" of the official border, and its gradual articulation and elaboration in the midst of consistently successful efforts to undermine it
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7560/721180
UR  - https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780292795167
UR  - https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9780292795167/original
ER  -