TY  - BOOK
AU  - Lawrence,Frederick M.
TI  - Punishing Hate: Bias Crimes under American Law 
SN  - 9780674040014
AV  - KF9345 ǂb L39 2002eb 
U1  - 345.73025 
PY  - 2022///]
CY  - Cambridge, MA : 
PB  - Harvard University Press, 
KW  - Hate crimes
KW  - United States
KW  - Punishment
KW  - Moral and ethical aspects
KW  - LAW / General
KW  - bisacsh
N1  - Frontmatter --; Contents --; Preface --; Introduction: The Challenges of Punishing Hate --; CHAPTER 1 What Is a Bias Crime? --; CHAPTER 2 How Are Bias Crimes Different? --; CHAPTER 3 Why Are Bias Crimes Worse? --; CHAPTER 4 Who Is Guilty of a Bias Crime? --; CHAPTER 5 Are Bias Crime Laws Constitutional? --; CHAPTER 6 What Is the Federal Role in Prosecuting Bias Crimes? --; CHAPTER 7 Why Punish Hate? --; APPENDIXES --; Appendix A: State Bias Crime Laws --; Appendix B: Sample Discriminatory Selection Statutes --; Appendix C: Sample Racial Animus Statutes --; Appendix D: Sample "Because of" Statutes --; Appendix E: Sample "Because of" Statutes with Additional Element of Maliciousness --; Appendix F: Sample Institutional Vandalism Statutes --; Appendix G: Other Relevant Statutes --; Historical Appendix --; Notes --; Bibliographical Essay --; Acknowledgments --; Index; restricted access
N2  - Bias crimes are a scourge on our society. Is there a more terrifying image in the mind's eye than that of the burning cross? Punishing Hate examines the nature of bias-motivated violence and provides a foundation for understanding bias crimes and their treatment under the U.S. legal system. In this tightly argued book, Frederick Lawrence poses the question: Should bias crimes be punished more harshly than similar crimes that are not motivated by bias? He answers strongly in the affirmative, as do a great many scholars and citizens, but he is the first to provide a solid theoretical grounding for this intuitive agreement, and a detailed model for a bias crimes statute based on the theory. The book also acts as a strong corrective to recent claims that concern about hate crimes is overblown. A former prosecutor, Lawrence argues that the enhanced punishment of bias crimes, with a substantial federal law enforcement role, is not only permitted by doctrines of criminal and constitutional law but also mandated by our societal commitment to equality. Drawing upon a wide variety of sources, from law and criminology, to sociology and social psychology, to today's news, Punishing Hate will have a lasting impact on the contentious debate over treatment of bias crimes in America
UR  - https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674040014?locatt=mode:legacy
UR  - https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780674040014
UR  - https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9780674040014/original
ER  -