TY - BOOK AU - Griffen,Clyde AU - Griffen,Sally TI - Natives and Newcomers: The Ordering of Opportunity in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Poughkeepsie T2 - Harvard Studies in Urban History SN - 9780674418288 AV - HD8085.P713 U1 - 331.1/27/0974733 PY - 2013///] CY - Cambridge, MA : PB - Harvard University Press, KW - Groepsvorming KW - Occupational mobility KW - Social history KW - Sociale status KW - Sociale stratificatie KW - Standen KW - Wirtschaft KW - Working class KW - HISTORY / United States / 19th Century KW - HISTORY / United States / General KW - Occupational mobility -- New York (State) -- Poughkeepsie -- History KW - SOCIAL SCIENCE / Sociology / Urban KW - Working class -- New York (State) -- Poughkeepsie -- History KW - BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Labor KW - bisacsh N1 - Frontmatter --; Preface --; Acknowledgments --; Contents --; 1 From Village to Small City --; 2 Perspectives on Success --; 3 Chances to Rise --; 4 Men at the Top --; 5 The Precariousness of Enterprise --; 6 Stratification in Business --; 7 Opportunity for Artisans during Industrialization --; 8 Immigrant Success in the Handicrafts --; 9 Factories as Levelers --; 10 From the Bottom Up --; 11 The Employment of Women --; Conclusion --; Notes / Index --; Notes --; Index --; Backmatter; restricted access N2 - This important contribution to the literature on mobility in nineteenth-century America examines with a fine microscope the world of work in Poughkeepsie, New York. The careers of all workers in each occupation--the entire labor force in this city with an 1870 population of 20,000--are traced over three decades. The book clarifies for the first time in any mobility study the meaning of shifts in employment through detailed examination of individual occupations. It shows concretely how industrialization altered the structure of opportunity; it specifies how the change affected the occupational niches and paths of mobility found by Irish, German, and British newcomers compared to white and black natives. By reassessing the significance of achieving particular occupations such as clerking and craft proprietorships, the book poses important questions for historical interpretations of gross indices of mobility such as shift from blue-collar to white-collar status. The authors favor comparability in their general analysis of mobility from federal census rolls and city directories, but they refine it through a broad research base, including tax rolls, local newspapers, and voluntary association records. Their study is one of the first to make systematic use of the credit reports on every business in one city from the R. G. Dun & Co. manuscripts. It also provides the first full description of the employment of women, permitting comparison with the opportunities for men. Other distinctive aspects include treatment of the crucial dimension of wealth and income, close attention to shifts in occupations produced by transformations in technology, marketing, and finance, and some disentangling of the influence of religion and nationality upon achievement. The fine lens of this microscopic study has enabled Clyde Griffen and Sally Griffen to describe geographic, occupational, and property mobility in a small city with statistical precision, to illuminate the larger social processes which shaped that mobility, and, simultaneously, to vivify the working lives of anonymous American men and women UR - https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674418301 UR - https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780674418301 UR - https://www.degruyter.com/cover/covers/9780674418301.jpg ER -