TY - BOOK AU - Makdisi,Ussama TI - Artillery of Heaven: American Missionaries and the Failed Conversion of the Middle East T2 - The United States in the World SN - 9780801458989 AV - BV3210.L4 M35 2008eb U1 - 266/.0237305692 22 PY - 2011///] CY - Ithaca, NY PB - Cornell University Press KW - Christianity and other religions KW - Islam KW - Relations KW - Christianity KW - Lebanon KW - Middle East KW - Maronites KW - History KW - 19th century KW - Missions, American KW - Religious pluralism KW - Middle East Studies KW - Political Science & Political History KW - U.S. History KW - HISTORY / United States / 19th Century KW - bisacsh N1 - Frontmatter --; Contents --; Acknowledgments --; Introduction --; Part I. Prelude --; 1. Mather’s America --; 2. “The Grammar of Heresy”: Coexistence in an Ottoman Arab World --; Part II. Intersections --; 3. The Flying of Time --; 4. The Artillery of Heaven --; 5. An Arab Puritan --; Part III. Reorientations --; 6. The Apotheosis of American Exceptionalism --; 7. The Vindication of As’ad Shidyaq --; Epilogue --; Notes --; Index; restricted access N2 - The complex relationship between America and the Arab world goes back further than most people realize. In Artillery of Heaven, Ussama Makdisi presents a foundational American encounter with the Arab world that occurred in the nineteenth century, shortly after the arrival of the first American Protestant missionaries in the Middle East. He tells the dramatic tale of the conversion and death of As'ad Shidyaq, the earliest Arab convert to American Protestantism. The struggle over this man's body and soul—and over how his story might be told—changed the actors and cultures on both sides. In the unfamiliar, multireligious landscape of the Middle East, American missionaries at first conflated Arabs with Native Americans and American culture with an uncompromising evangelical Christianity. In turn, their Christian and Muslim opponents in the Ottoman Empire condemned the missionaries as malevolent intruders. Yet during the ensuing confrontation within and across cultures an unanticipated spirit of toleration was born that cannot be credited to either Americans or Arabs alone. Makdisi provides a genuinely transnational narrative for this new, liberal awakening in the Middle East, and the challenges that beset it.By exploring missed opportunities for cultural understanding, by retrieving unused historical evidence, and by juxtaposing for the first time Arab perspectives and archives with American ones, this book counters a notion of an inevitable clash of civilizations and thus reshapes our view of the history of America in the Arab world UR - https://doi.org/10.7591/9780801458989 UR - https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780801458989 UR - https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9780801458989/original ER -