TY - BOOK AU - Conedera,Sam Zeno TI - Ecclesiastical Knights: The Military Orders in Castile, 1150-1330 T2 - Fordham Series in Medieval Studies SN - 9780823265954 AV - CR5819 .C65 2015 U1 - 271.7910463 23 PY - 2015///] CY - New York, NY : PB - Fordham University Press, KW - Christianity and other religions KW - Islam KW - History KW - To 1500 KW - Relations KW - Christianity KW - Knights and knighthood KW - Spain KW - Castilla y León KW - Military religious orders KW - Monks KW - Medieval Studies KW - Religion KW - HISTORY / Medieval KW - bisacsh KW - Alcantara KW - Calatrava KW - Iberia KW - Santiago KW - Templars KW - crusade KW - ecclesiastical knighthood KW - military orders KW - spirituality N1 - Frontmatter --; Contents --; Preface --; List of Abbreviations --; Introduction: Warrior Monks? --; 1 Foundations --; 2 Interior Castle: The Orders' Religious Observance --; 3 Ad extra: The Orders' Mission in the World --; 4 Brothers in Arms: The Orders' Relations with One Another --; Conclusion --; Notes --; Bibliography --; Index; restricted access; Issued also in print N2 - "Warrior monks"-the misnomer for the Iberian military orders that emerged on the frontiers of Europe in the twelfth century-have long fascinated general readers and professional historians alike. Proposing "ecclesiastical knights" as a more accurate name and conceptual model-warriors animated by ideals and spiritual currents endorsed by the church hierarchy-author Sam Zeno Conedera presents a groundbreaking study of how these orders brought the seemingly incongruous combination of monastic devotion and the practice of warfare into a single way of life.Providing a detailed study of the military-religious vocation as it was lived out in the Orders of Santiago, Calatrava, and Alcantara in Leon-Castile during the first century, Ecclesiastical Knights provides a valuable window into medieval Iberia. Filling a gap in the historiography of the medieval military orders, Conedera defines, categorizes, and explains these orders, from their foundations until their spiritual decline in the early fourteenth century, arguing that that the best way to understand their spirituality is as a particular kind of consecrated knighthood.Because these Iberian military orders were belligerents in the Reconquest, Ecclesiastical Knights informs important discussions about the relations between Western Christianity and Islam in the Middle Ages. Conedera examines how the military orders fit into the religious landscape of medieval Europe through the prism of knighthood, and how their unique conceptual character informed the orders and spiritual self-perception.The religious observances of all three orders were remarkably alike, except that the Cistercian-affiliated orders were more demanding and their members could not marry. Santiago, Calatrava, and Alcantara shared the same essential mission and purpose: the defense and expansion of Christendom understood as an act of charity, expressed primarily through fighting and secondarily through the care of the sick and the ransoming of captives. Their prayers were simple and their penances were aimed at knightly vices and the preservation of military discipline. Above all, the orders valued obedience. They never drank from the deep wellsprings of monasticism, nor were they ever meant to.Offering an entirely fresh perspective on two difficult and closely related problems concerning the military orders-namely, definition and spirituality-author Sam Zeno Conedera illuminates the religious life of the orders, previously eclipsed by their military activities UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/9780823265978?locatt=mode:legacy UR - https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780823265978 UR - https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9780823265978/original ER -