TY  - BOOK
AU  - Smyth,William J.
TI  - Toronto, the Belfast of Canada: The Orange Order and the Shaping of Municipal Culture 
SN  - 9781442646872
U1  - 369/.2713541 23
PY  - 2018///]
CY  - Toronto : 
PB  - University of Toronto Press, 
KW  - HISTORY / General
KW  - bisacsh
N1  - Frontmatter --; Contents --; Figures and Tables --; Acknowledgments --; TORONTO, THE BELFAST OF CANADA. The Orange Order and the Shaping of Municipal Culture --; Introduction --; 1. Canada and Ireland: The Imperial Context --; 2. A Tale of Two Cities: Belfast and Toronto --; 3. Toronto Orangeism: The Nature and Structure of the Orange Order --; 4. Power, Patronage, and Public Employment within the Protestant City, 1850–1920 --; 5. The Emergence of a New Order: Toronto’s Orangemen at the Close of the Nineteenth Century --; 6. The Climax and Onset of Decline of the Orange Order, 1900–1940 --; 7. The Faded Sash: Toronto and Orangeism, 1940–c. 1950 --; Conclusion --; Notes --; Index; restricted access
N2  - In late nineteenth-century Toronto, municipal politics were so dominated by the Irish Protestants of the Orange Order that the city was known as the “Belfast of Canada.” For almost a century, virtually every mayor of Toronto was an Orangeman and the anniversary of the Battle of the Boyne was a civic holiday. Toronto, the Belfast of Canada explores the intolerant origins of today’s cosmopolitan city.Using lodge membership lists, census data, and municipal records, William J. Smyth details the Orange Order’s role in creating Toronto’s municipal culture of militant Protestantism, loyalism, and monarchism. One of Canada’s foremost experts on the Orange Order, Smyth analyses the Orange Order’s influence between 1850 and 1950, the city’s frequent public displays of sectarian tensions, and its occasional bouts of rioting and mayhem
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442666771
UR  - https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9781442666771
UR  - https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9781442666771/original
ER  -