TY - BOOK AU - Stuart,Guy TI - Discriminating Risk: The U.S. Mortgage Lending Industry in the Twentieth Century SN - 9781501729966 AV - HG2040.5.U5 S747 2003eb U1 - 332.7/22/0973 22 PY - 2018///] CY - Ithaca, NY PB - Cornell University Press KW - Discrimination in housing KW - Illinois KW - Chicago KW - United States KW - Mortgage loans KW - Race discrimination KW - Political Science & Political History KW - U.S. History KW - POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Policy / Social Policy KW - bisacsh N1 - Frontmatter --; Contents --; Figures and Tables --; Acknowledgments --; Introduction --; 1. The Meaning of Value --; 2. Rules for Assessing the Borrower and Managing Behavioral Risk --; 3. The Loan Application Process --; 4. Constructing Housing Markets --; 5. Lending Discrimination --; 6. Constructing Risk --; 7. New Policy Approaches to Discrimination and Subprime Lending --; Appendix --; Abbreviations --; Notes --; References --; Index; restricted access N2 - The U.S. home mortgage industry first formalized risk criteria in the 1920s and 1930s to determine which applicants should receive funds. Over the past eighty years, these formulae have become more sophisticated. Guy Stuart demonstrates that the very concepts on which lenders base their decisions reflect a set of social and political values about "who deserves what." Stuart examines the fine line between licit choice and illicit discrimination, arguing that lenders, while eradicating blatantly discriminatory practices, have ignored the racial and economic-class biases that remain encoded in their decision processes. He explains why African Americans and Latinos continue to be at a disadvantage in gaining access to loans: discrimination, he finds, results from the interaction between the way lenders make decisions and the way they shape the social structure of the mortgage and housing markets.Mortgage lenders, Stuart contends, are embedded in and shape a social context that can best be understood in terms of rules, networks, and the production of space. Stuart's history of lenders' risk criteria reveals that they were synthesized from rules of thumb, cultural norms, and untested theories. In addition, his interviews with real estate and lending professionals in the Chicago housing market show us how the criteria are implemented today. Drawing on census and Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data for quantitative support, Stuart concludes with concrete policy proposals that take into account the social structure in which lenders make decisions UR - https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501729966 UR - https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9781501729966 UR - https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9781501729966/original ER -