TY - BOOK AU - Johnson,Matthew TI - Undermining Racial Justice: How One University Embraced Inclusion and Inequality T2 - Histories of American Education SN - 9781501748608 PY - 2020///] CY - Ithaca, NY : PB - Cornell University Press, KW - Affirmative action programs in education KW - Michigan KW - Ann Arbor KW - African American college students KW - Civil rights KW - Discrimination in higher education KW - Racism in higher education KW - Universities and colleges KW - Admission KW - Discrimination & Race Relations KW - Education & History Of Education KW - U.S. History KW - HISTORY / United States / 20th Century KW - bisacsh KW - affermative action, diversity, black power, civi KW - rights, University of Michigan N1 - Frontmatter --; Contents --; Introduction: Preserving Inequality --; 1. Bones and Sinews --; 2. The Origins of Affirmative Action --; 3. Rise of the Black Campus Movement --; 4. Controlling Inclusion --; 5. Affirmative Action for Whom? --; 6. Sustaining Racial Retrenchment --; 7. The Michigan Mandate --; 8. Gratz v. Bollinger --; Epilogue: The University as Victim --; Acknowledgments --; Notes --; Index; restricted access N2 - Over the last sixty years, administrators on US college campuses have responded to black campus activists by making racial inclusion and inequality compatible.This bold argument is at the center of Matthew Johnson's powerful and controversial book. Focusing on the University of Michigan, often a key talking point in national debates over racial justice thanks to the controversial Gratz v. Bollinger decided by the Supreme Court in 2003, Johnson argues that UM leaders incorporated black student dissent selectively into the institution's policies, practices, and values. This strategy was used in order to prevent activism from disrupting the institutional priorities that campus leaders deemed more important than racial justice. Despite knowing that racial disparities would likely continue, Johnson demonstrates that these administrators improbably saw themselves as champions of racial equity.What Johnson contends in Undermining Racial Justice, isn't that good intentions resulted in unforeseen negative consequences, but that the people who created and maintained racial disparities at premier institutions of higher education across the United States firmly believed they had good intentions in spite of all the evidence to the contrary. The case of the University of Michigan fits into a broader pattern at elite institutions of higher education and is a cautionary tale for all in higher education. Inclusion has always been a secondary priority and, as a result, the policies of the late 1970s and 1980s ushered in a new and enduring era of racial retrenchment on campuses across the United States UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501748592?locatt=mode:legacy UR - https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9781501748592 UR - https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9781501748592/original ER -