000			04475nam a22005775i 4500
001			183622
003			IT-RoAPU
005			20221214232045.0
006			m|||||o||d||||||||
007			cr || ||||||||
008			220302t20122012nyu fo d z eng d
010			_a2011022457
019			_a(OCoLC)1002245023
020			_a9780231158145 _qprint
020			_a9780231530248 _qPDF
024	7		_a10.7312/efra15814 _2doi
035			_a(DE-B1597)9780231530248
035			_a(DE-B1597)458828
035			_a(OCoLC)826476569
040			_aDE-B1597 _beng _cDE-B1597 _erda
050	0	0	_aHQ1735 _b.E47 2012
050		4	_aHQ1735 _b.E47 2015
072		7	_aHIS026000 _2bisacsh
082	0	4	_a305.4209567 _223
084			_aonline - DeGruyter
100	1		_aEfrati, Noga _eautore
245	1	0	_aWomen in Iraq : _bPast Meets Present / _cNoga Efrati.
264		1	_aNew York, NY : _bColumbia University Press, _c[2012]
264		4	_c©2012
300			_a1 online resource (256 p.)
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia
338			_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier
347			_atext file _bPDF _2rda
505	0	0	_tFrontmatter -- _tContents -- _tPreface -- _tAcknowledgments -- _tIntroduction.The Historical Setting -- _t1. Occupation, Monarchy, and Customary Law: Tribalizing Women -- _t2. Family Law as a Site of Struggle and Subordination -- _t3. Politics, Election Law, and Exclusion -- _t4. Gender Discourse and Discontent: Activism Unraveled -- _t5. Challenging the Government's Gender Discourse -- _tEpilogue. Past Meets Present -- _tNotes -- _tBibliography -- _tIndex
506	0		_arestricted access _uhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec _fonline access with authorization _2star
520			_aNoga Efrati outlines the first social and political history of women in Iraq during the periods of British occupation and the British-backed Hashimite monarchy (1917-1958). She traces the harsh and long-lasting implications of British state building on Iraqi women, particularly their legal and political enshrinement as second-class citizens, and the struggle by women's rights activists to counter this precedent. Efrati concludes with a discussion of post-Saddam Iraq and the women's associations now claiming their place in government. Finding common threads between these two generations of women, Efrati underscores the organic roots of the current fight for gender equality shaped by a memory of oppression under the monarchy.Efrati revisits the British strategy of efficient rule, largely adopted by the Iraqi government they erected and the consequent gender policy that emerged. The attempt to control Iraq through "authentic leaders"-giving them legal and political powers-marginalized the interests of women and virtually sacrificed their well-being altogether. Iraqi women refused to resign themselves to this fate. From the state's early days, they drew attention to the biases of the Tribal Criminal and Civil Disputes Regulation (TCCDR) and the absence of state intervention in matters of personal status and resisted women's disenfranchisement. Following the coup of 1958, their criticism helped precipitate the dissolution of the TCCDR and the ratification of the Personal Status Law. A new government gender discourse shaped by these past battles arose, yet the U.S.-led invasion of 2003, rather than helping cement women's rights into law, reinstated the British approach. Pressured to secure order and reestablish a pro-Western Iraq, the Americans increasingly turned to the country's "authentic leaders" to maintain control while continuing to marginalize women. Efrati considers Iraqi women's efforts to preserve the progress they have made, utterly defeating the notion that they have been passive witnesses to history.
530			_aIssued also in print.
538			_aMode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.
546			_aIn English.
588	0		_aDescription based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 02. Mrz 2022)
650		0	_aFeminism _zIraq _xHistory.
650		0	_aWomen _zIraq _xSocial conditions.
650		0	_aWomen's rights _zIraq _xHistory.
650		7	_aHISTORY / Middle East / General. _2bisacsh
850			_aIT-RoAPU
856	4	0	_uhttps://doi.org/10.7312/efra15814
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780231530248
856	4	2	_3Cover _uhttps://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9780231530248/original
942			_cEB
999			_c183622 _d183622