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020 _a9780231553728
_qPDF
024 7 _a10.7312/hage20064
_2doi
035 _a(DE-B1597)9780231553728
035 _a(DE-B1597)600433
035 _a(OCoLC)1269269095
040 _aDE-B1597
_beng
_cDE-B1597
_erda
050 4 _aDS87.5
_b.H326 2021
072 7 _aPOL059000
_2bisacsh
082 0 4 _a956.9204/4
_223
084 _aonline - DeGruyter
100 1 _aHägerdal, Nils
_eautore
245 1 0 _aFriend or Foe :
_bMilitia Intelligence and Ethnic Violence in the Lebanese Civil War /
_cNils Hägerdal.
264 1 _aNew York, NY :
_bColumbia University Press,
_c[2021]
264 4 _c©2021
300 _a1 online resource
336 _atext
_btxt
_2rdacontent
337 _acomputer
_bc
_2rdamedia
338 _aonline resource
_bcr
_2rdacarrier
347 _atext file
_bPDF
_2rda
490 0 _aColumbia Studies in Middle East Politics
505 0 0 _tFrontmatter --
_tContents --
_tAcknowledgments --
_tIntroduction --
_tI Ethnic Violence in Non- Separatist Wars --
_tII The Lebanese Civil War, 1975– 1990 --
_tIII Demographics, Migration, and Violence --
_tIV Lebanon’s Christian Militias --
_tV Palestinian, Muslim, and Left- Wing Armed Groups --
_tConclusion --
_tNotes --
_tReferences --
_tIndex
506 0 _arestricted access
_uhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec
_fonline access with authorization
_2star
520 _aWhen civil conflicts break out in plural societies, violence often occurs along group divides—running the risk of spiraling into ethnic cleansing. Yet for militants who do not seek ethnic separation as a political goal, indiscriminate attacks are detrimental to their cause. Under what circumstances are such combatants more or less likely to commit ethnic violence?Nils Hägerdal examines the Lebanese civil war to offer a new theory that highlights the interplay of ethnicity and intelligence gathering. He shows that when militias can obtain reliable intelligence—particularly in demographically intermixed areas where information can cross ethnic boundaries—they are likely to refrain from indiscriminate tactics. Access to local intelligence helps armed groups distinguish between neutral and hostile non-coethnics to target individual opponents while leaving civilians in peace. Conversely, when militias struggle to access local information, they often fall back on ethnicity as a proxy for political allegiance, with bloody consequences. As intelligence capabilities shape the course of sectarian strife, the role of ethnicity can vary even within a particular conflict.Hägerdal conducted sixteen months of fieldwork in Lebanon, interviewing former militia fighters and commanders and collecting novel statistical evidence. He combines documentation by government agencies, NGOs, local news media, and the United Nations with firsthand narratives by participants to provide an unparalleled account of the processes that generate violence or coexistence when a diverse society descends into armed conflict. Theoretically innovative and descriptively rich, Friend or Foe sheds new light on the logic and dynamics of ethnic violence in civil wars.
538 _aMode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.
546 _aIn English.
588 0 _aDescription based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 01. Dez 2022)
650 0 _aEthnic conflict
_zLebanon.
650 7 _aPOLITICAL SCIENCE / World / Middle Eastern.
_2bisacsh
850 _aIT-RoAPU
856 4 0 _uhttps://doi.org/10.7312/hage20064
856 4 0 _uhttps://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780231553728
856 4 2 _3Cover
_uhttps://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9780231553728/original
942 _cEB
999 _c184742
_d184742