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008			210621t20211996pau fo d z eng d
020			_a9780271074580 _qPDF
024	7		_a10.1515/9780271074580 _2doi
035			_a(DE-B1597)9780271074580
035			_a(DE-B1597)584101
040			_aDE-B1597 _beng _cDE-B1597 _erda
050		4	_aHD8039.M62 _bU6143 1996
072		7	_aHIS036080 _2bisacsh
082	0	4	_a331.88/122334/0974877 _223
084			_aonline - DeGruyter
100	1		_aBeik, Mildred _eautore
245	1	4	_aThe Miners of Windber : _bThe Struggles of New Immigrants for Unionization, 1890s-1930s / _cMildred Beik.
264		1	_aUniversity Park, PA : _bPenn State University Press, _c[2021]
264		4	_c©1996
300			_a1 online resource (480 p.) : _b29 illustrations
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia
338			_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier
347			_atext file _bPDF _2rda
505	0	0	_tFrontmatter -- _tContents -- _tList of Illustrations -- _tList of Tables -- _tAcknowledgments -- _tIntroduction -- _tPART ONE: STRUCTURE AND SOCIETY -- _t1. From Berwind to Windber -- _t2. From Europe to Windber -- _t3. The Work of Mining -- _t4. Women's Work 82 -- _t5. Ethnic Communities and Class -- _tPART TWO: STRUGGLES AND STRIKES -- _t6. First Stirrings -- _t7. Friends and Enemies -- _t8. The Strike of 1906 -- _t9. Rising Expectations 231 -- _t10. The Strike of 1922 -- _t11. The Long Depression and the New Deal -- _t12. The Achievements and Limits of Worker Pr -- _tEpilogue -- _tAppendixes -- _tNotes -- _tSelected Bibliography -- _tIndex -- _tAbout the Author
506	0		_arestricted access _uhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec _fonline access with authorization _2star
520			_aIn 1897 the Berwind-White Coal Mining Company founded Windber as a company town for its miners in the bituminous coal country of Pennsylvania. The Miners of Windber chronicles the coming of unionization to Windber, from the 1890s, when thousands of new immigrants flooded Pennsylvania in search of work, through the New Deal era of the 1930s, when the miners' rights to organize, join the United Mine Workers of America, and bargain collectively were recognized after years of bitter struggle.Mildred Allen Beik, a Windber native whose father entered the coal mines at age eleven in 1914, explores the struggle of miners and their families against the company, whose repressive policies encroached on every part of their lives. That Windber's population represented twenty-five different nationalities, including Slovaks, Hungarians, Poles, Italians, and Carpatho-Russians, was a potential obstacle to the solidarity of miners. Beik, however, shows how the immigrants overcame ethnic fragmentation by banding together as a class to unionize the mines. Work, family, church, fraternal societies, and civic institutions all proved critical as men and women alike adapted to new working conditions and to a new culture. Circumstance, if not principle, forced miners to embrace cultural pluralism in their fight for greater democracy, reforms of capitalism, and an inclusive, working-class, definition of what it meant to be an American.Beik draws on a wide variety of sources, including oral histories gathered from thirty-five of the oldest living immigrants in Windber, foreign-language newspapers, fraternal society collections, church manuscripts, public documents, union records, and census materials. The struggles of Windber's diverse working class undeniably mirror the efforts of working people everywhere to democratize the undemocratic America they knew. Their history suggests some of the possibilities and limitations, strengths and weaknesses, of worker protest in the early twentieth century.
538			_aMode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.
546			_aIn English.
588	0		_aDescription based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 21. Jun 2021)
650		0	_aCoal miners _xLabor unions _zPennsylvania _zWindber _xHistory.
650		0	_aCoal miners _zPennsylvania _zWindber _xHistory.
650		0	_aForeign workers _zPennsylvania _zWindber _xHistory.
650		7	_aHISTORY / United States / State & Local / Middle Atlantic (DC, DE, MD, NJ, NY, PA). _2bisacsh
850			_aIT-RoAPU
856	4	0	_uhttps://doi.org/10.1515/9780271074580?locatt=mode:legacy
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780271074580
856	4	2	_3Cover _uhttps://www.degruyter.com/cover/covers/9780271074580.jpg
942			_cEB
999			_c187360 _d187360