000			05649nam a22007455i 4500
001			198216
003			IT-RoAPU
005			20221214233036.0
006			m|||||o||d||||||||
007			cr || ||||||||
008			220424t20132007pau fo d z eng d
019			_a(OCoLC)1013963003
019			_a(OCoLC)979591868
020			_a9780812239614 _qprint
020			_a9780812203356 _qPDF
024	7		_a10.9783/9780812203356 _2doi
035			_a(DE-B1597)9780812203356
035			_a(DE-B1597)449187
035			_a(OCoLC)859161019
040			_aDE-B1597 _beng _cDE-B1597 _erda
072		7	_aHIS036040 _2bisacsh
082	0	4	_a305.89607307
084			_aonline - DeGruyter
100	1		_aSacks, Marcy S. _eautore
245	1	0	_aBefore Harlem : _bThe Black Experience in New York City Before World War I / _cMarcy S. Sacks.
264		1	_aPhiladelphia : _bUniversity of Pennsylvania Press, _c[2013]
264		4	_c©2007
300			_a1 online resource (240 p.) : _b8 illus.
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia
338			_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier
347			_atext file _bPDF _2rda
490	0		_aPolitics and Culture in Modern America
505	0	0	_tFrontmatter -- _tContents -- _tIntroduction -- _tChapter 1. The Most Fatally Fascinating Thing in America -- _tChapter 2. Purged of the Vicious Classes -- _tChapter 3. To Check the Menacing Black Hordes -- _tChapter 4. Jobs Are Just Chances -- _tChapter 5. The Anxiety of Keeping the Home Together -- _tChapter 6. Negro Metropolis -- _tNotes -- _tIndex -- _tAcknowledgments
506	0		_arestricted access _uhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec _fonline access with authorization _2star
520			_aIn the years between 1880 and 1915, New York City and its environs underwent a tremendous demographic transformation with the arrival of millions of European immigrants, native whites from the rural countryside, and people of African descent from both the American South and the Caribbean. While all groups faced challenges in their adjustment to the city, hardening racial prejudices set the black experience apart from that of other newcomers. Through encounters with each other, blacks and whites, both together and in opposition, forged the contours of race relations that would affect the city for decades to come.Before Harlem reveals how black migrants and immigrants to New York entered a world far less welcoming than the one they had expected to find. White police officers, urban reformers, and neighbors faced off in a hostile environment that threatened black families in multiple ways. Unlike European immigrants, who typically struggled with low-paying jobs but who often saw their children move up the economic ladder, black people had limited employment opportunities that left them with almost no prospects of upward mobility. Their poverty and the vagaries of a restrictive job market forced unprecedented numbers of black women into the labor force, fundamentally affecting child-rearing practices and marital relationships.Despite hostile conditions, black people nevertheless claimed New York City as their own. Within their neighborhoods and their churches, their night clubs and their fraternal organizations, they forged discrete ethnic, regional, and religious communities. Diverse in their backgrounds, languages, and customs, black New Yorkers cultivated connections to others similar to themselves, forming organizations, support networks, and bonds of friendship with former strangers. In doing so, Marcy S. Sacks argues, they established a dynamic world that eventually sparked the Harlem Renaissance. By the 1920s, Harlem had become both a tragedy and a triumph-undeniably a ghetto replete with problems of poverty, overcrowding, and crime, but also a refuge and a haven, a physical place whose very name became legendary.
530			_aIssued also in print.
538			_aMode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.
546			_aIn English.
588	0		_aDescription based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 24. Apr 2022)
650		0	_aAfrican American neighborhoods _vNew York (State) _vNew York _xHistory.
650		0	_aAfrican American neighborhoods _zNew York (State) _zNew York _xHistory.
650		0	_aAfrican Americans _vEconomic conditions.
650		0	_aAfrican Americans _vNew York (State) _vNew York _vEconomic conditions.
650		0	_aAfrican Americans _vNew York (State) _vNew York _vSocial conditions _x19th century.
650		0	_aAfrican Americans _vNew York (State) _vNew York _vSocial conditions _x20th century.
650		0	_aAfrican Americans _vSocial conditions.
650		0	_aAfrican Americans _zNew York (State) _zNew York _xEconomic conditions.
650		0	_aAfrican Americans _zNew York (State) _zNew York _xSocial conditions _y19th century.
650		0	_aAfrican Americans _zNew York (State) _zNew York _xSocial conditions _y20th century.
650		0	_aCity and town life _vNew York (State) _vNew York _xHistory.
650		0	_aCommunity life _vNew York (State) _vNew York _xHistory.
650		0	_aInner cities _vNew York (State) _vNew York _xHistory.
650		4	_aAmerican Studies.
650		7	_aHISTORY / United States / 19th Century. _2bisacsh
653			_aAfrican Studies.
653			_aAfrican-American Studies.
653			_aAmerican History.
653			_aAmerican Studies.
850			_aIT-RoAPU
856	4	0	_uhttps://doi.org/10.9783/9780812203356
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780812203356
856	4	2	_3Cover _uhttps://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9780812203356/original
942			_cEB
999			_c198216 _d198216