000			05068nam a22006855i 4500
001			198359
003			IT-RoAPU
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008			220424t20112010pau fo d z eng d
019			_a(OCoLC)1013938005
019			_a(OCoLC)979628016
020			_a9780812242317 _qprint
020			_a9780812204827 _qPDF
024	7		_a10.9783/9780812204827 _2doi
035			_a(DE-B1597)9780812204827
035			_a(DE-B1597)449342
035			_a(OCoLC)794700588
040			_aDE-B1597 _beng _cDE-B1597 _erda
050		4	_aE98.C7 _bC375 2010eb
072		7	_aHIS036020 _2bisacsh
084			_aonline - DeGruyter
100	1		_aCarlos, Ann M. _eautore
245	1	0	_aCommerce by a Frozen Sea : _bNative Americans and the European Fur Trade / _cFrank D. Lewis, Ann M. Carlos.
264		1	_aPhiladelphia : _bUniversity of Pennsylvania Press, _c[2011]
264		4	_c©2010
300			_a1 online resource (272 p.) : _b25 illus.
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia
338			_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier
347			_atext file _bPDF _2rda
505	0	0	_tFrontmatter -- _tContents -- _tIntroduction. Native Americans and Europeans in the Eighteenth-Century Fur Trade -- _tChapter 1. Hats and the European Fur Market -- _tChapter 2. The Hudson's Bay Company and the Organization of the Fur Trade -- _tChapter 3. Indians as Consumers -- _tChapter 4. The Decline of Beaver Populations -- _tChapter 5. Industrious Indians -- _tChapter 6. Property Rights, Depletion, and Survival -- _tChapter 7. Indians and the Fur Trade: A Golden Age? -- _tEpilogue. The Fur Trade and Economic Development -- _tAppendix A. Fur Prices, Beaver Skins Traded, and the Simulated Beaver Population at Fort Albany, York Factory, and Fort Churchill, 1700-1763 -- _tAppendix B. Simulating the Beaver Population -- _tAppendix C. A Model of Harvesting Large Game: Joint Ownership Versus Competition -- _tAppendix D. Food and the Relative Incomes of Native Americans and English Workers -- _tNotes -- _tBibliography -- _tIndex -- _tAcknowledgments
506	0		_arestricted access _uhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec _fonline access with authorization _2star
520			_aCommerce by a Frozen Sea is a cross-cultural study of a century of contact between North American native peoples and Europeans. During the eighteenth century, the natives of the Hudson Bay lowlands and their European trading partners were brought together by an increasingly popular trade in furs, destined for the hat and fur markets of Europe. Native Americans were the sole trappers of furs, which they traded to English and French merchants. The trade gave Native Americans access to new European technologies that were integrated into Indian lifeways. What emerges from this detailed exploration is a story of two equal partners involved in a mutually beneficial trade.Drawing on more than seventy years of trade records from the archives of the Hudson's Bay Company, economic historians Ann M. Carlos and Frank D. Lewis critique and confront many of the myths commonly held about the nature and impact of commercial trade. Extensively documented are the ways in which natives transformed the trading environment and determined the range of goods offered to them. Natives were effective bargainers who demanded practical items such as firearms, kettles, and blankets as well as luxuries like cloth, jewelry, and tobacco-goods similar to those purchased by Europeans. Surprisingly little alcohol was traded. Indeed, Commerce by a Frozen Sea shows that natives were industrious people who achieved a standard of living above that of most workers in Europe. Although they later fell behind, the eighteenth century was, for Native Americans, a golden age.
530			_aIssued also in print.
538			_aMode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.
546			_aIn English.
588	0		_aDescription based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 24. Apr 2022)
650		0	_aEuropeans _vHudson Bay Region _xHistory.
650		0	_aEuropeans _zHudson Bay Region _xHistory.
650		0	_aFur trade _vHudson Bay Region _xHistory.
650		0	_aFur trade _zHudson Bay Region _xHistory.
650		0	_aIndians of North America _vCommerce _vHudson Bay Region _xHistory.
650		0	_aIndians of North America _vCommerce.
650		0	_aIndians of North America _xCommerce _zHudson Bay Region _xHistory.
650		4	_aAmerican Studies.
650		7	_aHISTORY / United States / Colonial Period (1600-1775). _2bisacsh
653			_aAmerican History.
653			_aAmerican Studies.
653			_aBusiness.
653			_aEconomics.
653			_aNative American Studies.
700	1		_aLewis, Frank D. _eautore
850			_aIT-RoAPU
856	4	0	_uhttps://doi.org/10.9783/9780812204827
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780812204827
856	4	2	_3Cover _uhttps://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9780812204827/original
942			_cEB
999			_c198359 _d198359