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| 001 | 199620 | ||
| 003 | IT-RoAPU | ||
| 005 | 20250106150445.0 | ||
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| 007 | cr || |||||||| | ||
| 008 | 240602t20062006nju fo d z eng d | ||
| 020 |
_a9780813539478 _qPDF |
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| 024 | 7 |
_a10.36019/9780813539478 _2doi |
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| 035 | _a(DE-B1597)9780813539478 | ||
| 035 | _a(DE-B1597)529536 | ||
| 035 | _a(OCoLC)1156838326 | ||
| 040 |
_aDE-B1597 _beng _cDE-B1597 _erda |
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| 050 | 4 | _aQ127.U6 | |
| 072 | 7 |
_aSCI000000 _2bisacsh |
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| 082 | 0 | 4 |
_a338.973/06 _222 |
| 084 | _aonline - DeGruyter | ||
| 100 | 1 |
_aKraemer, Sylvia _eautore |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 |
_aScience and Technology Policy in the United States : _bOpen Systems in Action / _cSylvia Kraemer. |
| 264 | 1 |
_aNew Brunswick, NJ : _bRutgers University Press, _c[2006] |
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| 264 | 4 | _c©2006 | |
| 300 |
_a1 online resource (352 p.) : _b10 |
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| 336 |
_atext _btxt _2rdacontent |
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| 337 |
_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia |
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| 338 |
_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier |
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| 347 |
_atext file _bPDF _2rda |
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| 505 | 0 | 0 |
_tFrontmatter -- _tCONTENTS -- _tLIST OF TABLES -- _tPREFACE -- _t1. Introduction: Open Systems -- _t2. Technology and the Ideology of Free Markets -- _t3. The Ideologies of Science -- _t4. The Science and Technology Policy Toolkit -- _t5. Science, Technology, and Political Authority -- _t6. Open Systems in a Digital World -- _t7. Open Systems in Outer Space -- _t8. The Crisis in American Health Care -- _t9. Fossil Fuels and Clean Air -- _t10. Epilogue -- _tAppendix: Essay on Sources -- _tNotes -- _tIndex -- _tABOUT THE AUTHOR |
| 506 | 0 |
_arestricted access _uhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec _fonline access with authorization _2star |
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| 520 | _aDuring the latter half of the twentieth century, federal funding in the United States for scientific research and development increased dramatically. Yet despite the infusion of public funds into research centers, the relationship between public policy and research and development remains poorly understood. How does the federal government attempt to harness scientific knowledge and resources for the nation's economic welfare and competitiveness in the global marketplace? Who makes decisions about controversial scientific experiments, such as genetic engineering and space exploration? Who is held accountable when things go wrong? In this lucidly-written introduction to the topic, Sylvia Kraemer draws upon her extensive experience in government to develop a useful and powerful framework for thinking about the American approach to shaping and managing scientific innovation. Kraemer suggests that the history of science, technology, and politics is best understood as a negotiation of ongoing tensions between open and closed systems. Open systems depend on universal access to information that is complete, verifiable, and appropriately used. Closed systems, in contrast, are composed of unique and often proprietary features, which are designed to control usage. From the Constitution's patent clause to current debates over intellectual property, stem cells, and internet regulation, Kraemer shows the promise-as well as the limits-of open systems in advancing scientific progress as well as the nation's economic vitality. | ||
| 538 | _aMode of access: Internet via World Wide Web. | ||
| 546 | _aIn English. | ||
| 588 | 0 | _aDescription based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 02. Jun 2024) | |
| 650 | 0 |
_aScience and state _xHistory _xUnited States. |
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| 650 | 0 |
_aTechnology and state _xHistory _xUnited States _xUnited States. |
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| 650 | 7 |
_aSCIENCE / General. _2bisacsh |
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| 653 | _afederal funding, scientific research, development, public policy, economic welfare, competitiveness, global marketplace, decision-making, controversial scientific experiments, genetic engineering, space exploration, accountability, lucidly-written introduction, Sylvia Kraemer, government experience, framework, American approach, scientific innovation, history of science, technology, politics, negotiation, tensions, open systems, closed systems, universal access, information, complete, verifiable, appropriate usage, proprietary features, Constitution's patent clause, intellectual property, stem cells, internet regulation, scientific progress, economic vitality. | ||
| 850 | _aIT-RoAPU | ||
| 856 | 4 | 0 | _uhttps://doi.org/10.36019/9780813539478 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | _uhttps://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780813539478 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 |
_3Cover _uhttps://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9780813539478/original |
| 942 | _cEB | ||
| 999 |
_c199620 _d199620 |
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