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001			204027
003			IT-RoAPU
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008			220302t20012001hiu fo d z eng d
020			_a9780824822750 _qprint
020			_a9780824865009 _qPDF
024	7		_a10.1515/9780824865009 _2doi
035			_a(DE-B1597)9780824865009
035			_a(DE-B1597)483990
035			_a(OCoLC)875895168
040			_aDE-B1597 _beng _cDE-B1597 _erda
050		4	_aHD9213.C43 _bT525 2001eb
072		7	_aHIS008000 _2bisacsh
082	0	4	_a381/.456644/095115409034 _222
084			_aonline - DeGruyter
100	1		_aKwan, Man Bun _eautore
245	1	4	_aThe Salt Merchants of Tianjin : _bState-Making and Civil Society in Late Imperial China / _cMan Bun Kwan.
264		1	_aHonolulu : _bUniversity of Hawaii Press, _c[2001]
264		4	_c©2001
300			_a1 online resource (248 p.)
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia
338			_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier
347			_atext file _bPDF _2rda
505	0	0	_tFrontmatter -- _tContents -- _tAcknowledgments -- _tINTRODUCTION -- _t1. THE CITY -- _t2.THE GABELLE AND BUSINESS -- _t3. the household and the law -- _t4. merchant culture -- _t5. social services -- _t6. changing times -- _t7. SHIFTING POLITICS -- _t8. THE CRASH -- _tEPILOGUE -- _tNotes -- _tGlossary -- _tSelected Bibliography -- _tIndex -- _tAbout the Author
506	0		_arestricted access _uhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec _fonline access with authorization _2star
520			_aFor nearly four hundred years the Changlu salt merchants played a leading role in the urbanization, commercial development, and social change of the city of Tianjin. As early as the fifteenth century, this small yet important group of citizens negotiated with the state as revenue-farmers, developing and defending their businesses and customs while evolving their own urban culture. In this the first detailed study in English of the mercantile activities and social role of Tianjin's salt merchants, Kwan Man Bun reveals how they helped stabilize the city and assumed many civic responsibilities, providing relief, charities, and other services to their fellow citizenry. Although these developments resemble the emergence of an idealized "public sphere" as in Europe, Kwan makes clear that Tianjin's social changes were not grounded on "rational discourse" but rather drew their strength and continuity from merchant networks based on exclusivity, wealth, education, and kinship.
530			_aIssued also in print.
538			_aMode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.
546			_aIn English.
588	0		_aDescription based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 02. Mrz 2022)
650		0	_aGovernment monopolies _zChina _zTianjin _xHistory.
650		0	_aMerchants _xPolitical activity _zChina _zTianjin _xHistory.
650		0	_aSalt industry and trade _xPolitical aspects _zChina _zTianjin _xHistory.
650		0	_aSalt _xTaxation _zChina _zTianjin _xHistory.
650		0	_aTaxes, Farming of _zChina _zTianjin _xHistory.
650		7	_aHISTORY / Asia / China. _2bisacsh
850			_aIT-RoAPU
856	4	0	_uhttps://doi.org/10.1515/9780824865009
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780824865009
856	4	2	_3Cover _uhttps://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9780824865009/original
942			_cEB
999			_c204027 _d204027