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001			207157
003			IT-RoAPU
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007			cr || ||||||||
008			210830t20141996nju fo d z eng d
020			_a9780691058856 _qprint
020			_a9781400851362 _qPDF
024	7		_a10.1515/9781400851362 _2doi
035			_a(DE-B1597)9781400851362
035			_a(DE-B1597)447744
035			_a(OCoLC)979905405
040			_aDE-B1597 _beng _cDE-B1597 _erda
072		7	_aSPO003030 _2bisacsh
084			_aonline - DeGruyter
100	1		_aWhite, G. Edward _eautore
245	1	0	_aCreating the National Pastime : _bBaseball Transforms Itself, 1903-1953 / _cG. Edward White.
250			_aCourse Book
264		1	_aPrinceton, NJ : _bPrinceton University Press, _c[2014]
264		4	_c©1996
300			_a1 online resource (384 p.) : _b25 halftones
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia
338			_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier
347			_atext file _bPDF _2rda
505	0	0	_tFrontmatter -- _tContents -- _tIllustrations -- _tPreface -- _tIntroduction -- _tChapter One. The Ballparks -- _tChapter Two. The Enterprise, 1903-1923 -- _tChapter Three. The Rise of the Commissioner: Gambling, the Black Sox, and the Creation of Baseball Heroes -- _tChapter Four. The Negro Leagues -- _tChapter Five. The Coming of Night Baseball -- _tChapter Six. Baseball Journalists -- _tChapter Seven. Baseball on the Radio -- _tChapter Eight. Ethnicity and Baseball: Hank Greenberg and Joe DiMaggio -- _tChapter Nine. The Enterprise, 1923-1953 -- _tChapter Ten. The Decline of the National Pastime -- _tNotes -- _tIndex
506	0		_arestricted access _uhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec _fonline access with authorization _2star
520			_aAt a time when many baseball fans wish for the game to return to a purer past, G. Edward White shows how seemingly irrational business decisions, inspired in part by the self-interest of the owners but also by their nostalgia for the game, transformed baseball into the national pastime. Not simply a professional sport, baseball has been treated as a focus of childhood rituals and an emblem of American individuality and fair play throughout much of the twentieth century. It started out, however, as a marginal urban sport associated with drinking and gambling. White describes its progression to an almost mythic status as an idyllic game, popular among people of all ages and classes. He then recounts the owner's efforts, often supported by the legal system, to preserve this image. Baseball grew up in the midst of urban industrialization during the Progressive Era, and the emerging steel and concrete baseball parks encapsulated feelings of neighborliness and associations with the rural leisure of bygone times. According to White, these nostalgic themes, together with personal financial concerns, guided owners toward practices that in retrospect appear unfair to players and detrimental to the progress of the game. Reserve clauses, blacklisting, and limiting franchise territories, for example, were meant to keep a consistent roster of players on a team, build fan loyalty, and maintain the game's local flavor. These practices also violated anti-trust laws and significantly restricted the economic power of the players. Owners vigorously fought against innovations, ranging from the night games and radio broadcasts to the inclusion of African-American players. Nonetheless, the image of baseball as a spirited civic endeavor persisted, even in the face of outright corruption, as witnessed in the courts' leniency toward the participants in the Black Sox scandal of 1919. White's story of baseball is intertwined with changes in technology and business in America and with changing attitudes toward race and ethnicity. The time is fast approaching, he concludes, when we must consider whether baseball is still regarded as the national pastime and whether protecting its image is worth the effort.
530			_aIssued also in print.
538			_aMode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.
546			_aIn English.
588	0		_aDescription based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 30. Aug 2021)
650		7	_aSPORTS & RECREATION / Baseball / History. _2bisacsh
850			_aIT-RoAPU
856	4	0	_uhttps://doi.org/10.1515/9781400851362
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9781400851362
856	4	2	_3Cover _uhttps://www.degruyter.com/cover/covers/9781400851362.jpg
942			_cEB
999			_c207157 _d207157